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Book by Lewis Carroll

Through the Looking-Glass
Through the looking glass.jpg

Start edition comprehend of Through the Looking-Glass

Author Lewis Carroll
Illustrator John Tenniel
Country U.k.
Language English
Genre Children'due south fiction
Publisher Macmillan

Publication date

 27 December 1871 (dated 1872)
Pages 208
Preceded past Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Establish At that place (too known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass ) is a novel published on 27 December 1871 (though indicated equally 1872)[1] past Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice'south Adventures in Wonderland (1865). Alice again enters a fantastical world, this fourth dimension by climbing through a mirror into the world that she tin see across information technology. In that location she finds that, only similar a reflection, everything is reversed, including logic (for case, running helps i remain stationary, walking away from something brings one towards it, chessmen are alive, plant nursery rhyme characters exist, and so on).

Through the Looking-Glass includes such verses as "Jabberwocky" and "The Walrus and the Carpenter", and the episode involving Tweedledum and Tweedledee. The mirror above the fireplace that is displayed at Hetton Backyard in Charlton Kings, Gloucestershire (a house that was owned past Alice Liddell's grandparents, and was regularly visited by Alice and Lewis Carroll) resembles the one drawn by John Tenniel and is cited every bit a possible inspiration for Carroll.[two]

It was the offset of the "Alice" stories to gain widespread popularity, and prompted a newfound appreciation for its predecessor when it was published.[3]

Plot summary [edit]

Chapter One – Looking-Glass House: Alice is playing with a white kitten (whom she calls "Snowdrop") and a black kitten (whom she calls "Kitty") when she ponders what the earth is similar on the other side of a mirror'due south reflection. Climbing up onto the fireplace mantel, she pokes at the wall-hung mirror behind the fireplace and discovers, to her surprise, that she is able to footstep through information technology to an alternative world. In this reflected version of her own house, she finds a book with looking-glass poesy, "Jabberwocky", whose reversed printing she tin read only past belongings it upwardly to the mirror. She also observes that the chess pieces take come up to life, though they remain minor enough for her to choice up.

Alice entering the looking-glass.

Affiliate Two – The Garden of Alive Flowers: Upon leaving the house (where it had been a cold, snowy night), she enters a sunny spring garden where the flowers can speak; they perceive Alice as being a "flower that can move about". Elsewhere in the garden, Alice meets the Red Queen, who is at present homo-sized, and who impresses Alice with her power to run at breathtaking speeds.

Chapter Three – Looking-Glass Insects: The Red Queen reveals to Alice that the unabridged countryside is laid out in squares, similar a gigantic chessboard, and offers to make Alice a queen if she can movement all the way to the eighth rank/row in a chess match. Alice is placed in the 2d rank every bit one of the White Queen's pawns, and begins her journey across the chessboard by boarding a train that jumps over the 3rd row and directly into the fourth rank, thus interim on the rule that pawns can advance two spaces on their kickoff motion. She arrives in a forest where a depressed gnat teaches her about the looking glass insects, strange creatures office problems part object (e.g., breadstuff and butterfly, rocking horse fly), before flying away sadly. Alice continues her journey and along the way, crosses the "wood where things accept no names". There she forgets all nouns, including her ain proper noun. With the help of a fawn who has besides forgotten his identity, she makes it to the other side, where they both remember everything. Realizing that he is a fawn, she is a man, and that fawns are agape of humans, it runs off (to Alice's frustration).

Illustration of Alice meeting Tweedledum and Tweedledee

Alice meeting Tweedledum (centre) and Tweedledee (correct)

Chapter Four – Tweedledum and Tweedledee: She then meets the fat twin brothers Tweedledum and Tweedledee, whom she knows from the plant nursery rhyme. After reciting the long poem "The Walrus and the Carpenter", they draw Alice's attention to the Red King—loudly snoring abroad nether a nearby tree—and maliciously provoke her with idle philosophical barrack that she exists only as an imaginary figure in the Red King's dreams. Finally, the brothers begin suiting upwardly for boxing, only to exist frightened away by an enormous crow, as the nursery rhyme about them predicts.

Illustration of the Red King sleeping against a tree

Chapter Five – Wool and H2o: Alice adjacent meets the White Queen, who is very absent-minded but boasts of (and demonstrates) her ability to think future events before they have happened. Alice and the White Queen advance into the chessboard's 5th rank past crossing over a beck together, but at the very moment of the crossing, the Queen transforms into a talking Sheep in a small shop. Alice soon finds herself struggling to handle the oars of a small rowboat, where the Sheep annoys her with (seemingly) nonsensical shouting about "crabs" and "feathers".

Affiliate Half-dozen – Humpty Dumpty: After crossing yet another brook into the sixth rank, Alice immediately encounters Humpty Dumpty, who, besides celebrating his unbirthday, provides his own translation of the foreign terms in "Jabberwocky". In the process, he introduces Alice to the concept of portmanteau words, before his inevitable fall.

Chapter Seven – The Lion and the Unicorn: "All the king'south horses and all the rex's men" come to Humpty Dumpty's assistance, and are accompanied by the White King, along with the Lion and the Unicorn, who over again keep to act out a nursery rhyme by fighting with each other. In this chapter, the March Hare and Hatter of the offset book make a brief re-appearance in the guise of "Anglo-Saxon messengers" called "Haigha" and "Hatta".

Chapter Eight – "It's my own Invention": Upon leaving the King of beasts and Unicorn to their fight, Alice reaches the seventh rank past crossing another brook into the forested territory of the Red Knight, who is intent on capturing the "white pawn"—Alice—until the White Knight comes to her rescue. Escorting her through the woods towards the final brook-crossing, the Knight recites a long poem of his own composition called Haddocks' Eyes, and repeatedly falls off his horse.

Affiliate Ix – Queen Alice: Bidding farewell to the White Knight, Alice steps across the terminal brook, and is automatically crowned a queen, with the crown materialising abruptly on her head (a reference to pawn promotion). She soon finds herself in the company of both the White and Red Queens, who relentlessly derange Alice by using word play to thwart her attempts at logical discussion. They so invite one another to a party that will be hosted by the newly crowned Alice—of which Alice herself had no prior knowledge.

Chapter Ten – Shaking: Alice arrives and seats herself at her ain party, which quickly turns into anarchy. Alice finally grabs the Red Queen, believing her to be responsible for all the day's nonsense, and begins shaking her.

Chapter Eleven – Waking: Alice awakes in her armchair to find herself holding the black kitten, who she deduces to have been the Carmine Queen all along, with the white kitten having been the White Queen.

Affiliate Twelve – Which dreamed it?: The story ends with Alice recalling the speculation of the Tweedle brothers, that everything may take been a dream of the Red King, and that Alice might herself be no more than than a figment of his imagination. The book ends with the line "Life, what is information technology merely a dream?"

Characters [edit]

Main characters [edit]

  • Alice
  • March Hare
  • The Hatter
  • Humpty Dumpty
  • Cherry-red King
  • Scarlet Queen
  • The Sheep
  • Tweedledum and Tweedledee
  • The Walrus and the Carpenter
  • White Male monarch
  • White Knight
  • White Queen
  • The Panthera leo and the Unicorn

Minor characters [edit]

Symbolism [edit]

Mirrors [edit]

One of the primal motifs of Through the Looking-Drinking glass is that of mirrors, including the use of opposites, time running backwards, and so on, not to mention the title of the book itself. In fact, the themes and settings of the book brand it somewhat of a mirror image to its predecessor, Alice'southward Adventures in Wonderland (1865). The first book begins in the warm outdoors, on four May;[a] uses frequent changes in size as a plot device; and draws on the imagery of playing cards. The second book, however, opens indoors on a snowy, wintry night exactly half dozen months later, on 4 November (the twenty-four hours before Guy Fawkes Nighttime);[b] uses frequent changes in time and spatial directions as a plot device; and draws on the imagery of chess.

Chess [edit]

Lewis Carroll's diagram of the story every bit a chess game

The composition, co-ordinate to Glen Downey

While the starting time Alice novel took playing cards equally a theme, Through the Looking-Glass instead used chess; most of the chief characters are represented by chess pieces, with Alice beingness a pawn. The looking-glass world consists of square fields divided past brooks or streams, and the crossing of each brook typically signifies a change in scene, with Alice advancing i square. At the book's first, Carroll provided and explained a chess composition with descriptive notation, respective to the events of the story. Although the piece movements follow the rules of chess, other basic rules are ignored: one player (White) makes several sequent moves while the (Crimson/Blackness) opponent'southward moves are skipped, and a late check (12... Qe8+) is left undealt with. Carroll also explained that certain items listed in the limerick do not have respective piece moves but simply refer to the story, eastward.g. the "castling of the iii Queens, which is merely a way of saying that they entered the palace". Despite these liberties, the final position is an authentic checkmate.

The nigh extensive treatment of the chess motif in Carroll's novel was made by Glen Downey in his main's thesis, later expanded and incorporated into his dissertation on the utilise of chess every bit a device in Victorian fiction. In the former slice, Downey gave the composition's moves in algebraic annotation: 1... Qh5 2. d4 3. Qc4 4. Qc5 5. d5 six. Qf8 vii. d6 8. Qc8 9. d7 Ne7+ 10. Nxe7 11. Nf5 12. d8=Q Qe8+ thirteen. Qa6 14. Qxe8#.[iv] In the latter piece, Downey treated the 21 items in the limerick sequentially, identifying the above sixteen coherent chess moves, and another five items every bit "not-moves" or pure story descriptors, per Carroll'south qualification.[5]

The mating position nearly satisfies the conditions of a pure mate, a special blazon of checkmate where the mated king is prevented from moving to whatever of the adjacent squares in its field by exactly ane enemy assault, among other conditions. The position is too nearly an ideal mate, a stronger form of pure mate in which every piece on the board of either color contributes to the checkmate. The one feature of the position which prevents information technology from beingness either a pure or an ideal mate is that the Red (Black) King is unable to motility to e3 for two reasons: the knight's attack, and the (sustained) attack of the newly promoted, mating queen. Although pure and ideal mates are "incidental" in real games, they are objects of aesthetic interest to composers of chess issues.[6]

Language [edit]

The White Queen offers to rent Alice equally her lady's maid and to pay her "twopence a week, and jam every other day." Alice says that she doesn't desire any jam today, to which the Queen replies, "yous couldn't have it if you did desire it. The dominion is, jam tomorrow and jam yesterday—merely never jam to-day." This is a reference to the rule in Latin that the word iam or jam—which means now, in the sense of already or at that time—cannot be used to depict at present in the nowadays, which is nunc in Latin. Therefore, "jam" is never available today.[seven] This exchange is also a demonstration of the logical fallacy of equivocation.[8]

Poems and songs [edit]

Nearly poems and songs of the book do non include a title.

  • "Introduction" (prelude; "Child of the pure unclouded brow…")
  • "Jabberwocky"[c] [9] : 31–34, chap.I
  • "Tweedledum and Tweedledee"[9] : 74, chap.Iv
  • "The Walrus and the Carpenter"[d] [9] : 77–82, chap.IV
  • "Humpty Dumpty"[ix] : 115, chap.Half-dozen
  • Humpty Dumpty's poem ("In Winter when the fields are white…")[9] : 128–30, chap.VI
  • "The Panthera leo and the Unicorn"[9] : 141, chap.Seven
  • "Haddocks' Optics" (i.east., "A-sitting on a Gate")[9] : 171–3, chap.9
  • Cerise Queen's lullaby ("Hush-a-by lady, in Alice's lap…")[9] : 187, chap.X
  • "To the Looking-Glass earth it was Alice that said…"[9] : 192, chap.X
  • White Queen's riddle ("'First, the fish must be caught'…")[9] : 197, chap.Ten
  • "A boat beneath a sunny sky"(postlude; acrostic poem in which putting the outset messages of each line spell Alice Pleasance Liddell, the girl after whom the volume'due south Alice is named[10]).[ix] : 210–11

The Wasp in a Wig [edit]

Lewis Carroll decided to suppress a scene involving what was described equally "a wasp in a wig" (maybe a play on the commonplace expression "bee in the bonnet"). A biography of Carroll, written by Carroll'southward nephew, Stuart Dodgson Collingwood, suggests that one of the reasons for this suppression was a suggestion from his illustrator, John Tenniel,[11] who wrote in a letter to Carroll dated one June 1870:[12]

I am bound to say that the 'wasp' chapter doesn't interest me in the least, and I can't see my way to a moving picture. If you want to shorten the book, I can't help thinking – with all submission – that there is your opportunity.

For many years, no ane had any idea what this missing section was or whether information technology had survived. In 1974, a document purporting to be the galley proofs of the missing section was auctioned at Sotheby'due south; the catalogue description, in part, read, "the proofs were bought at the auction of the author's…personal effects…Oxford, 1898." The document would be won by John Fleming, a Manhattan book dealer, for a bid of about U.s.a.$832 (equivalent to $4,366 in 2020).[13] The contents were afterward published in Martin Gardner'due south More Annotated Alice (1990),[fourteen] and is also bachelor as a hardback book.[xv]

The rediscovered section describes Alice'southward run into with a wasp wearing a yellowish wig, and includes a full previously unpublished verse form. If included in the volume, it would have followed, or been included at the end of, Chapter 8 – the chapter featuring the meet with the White Knight. The discovery is by and large accepted equally genuine, but the proofs have yet to receive any physical test to establish age and actuality.[16]

The missing episode was included in the 1998 TV film adaptation Alice through the Looking Glass.

Dramatic adaptations [edit]

The book has been adapted several times, both in combination with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and equally a stand-alone feature.

Stand-solitary adaptations [edit]

  • Alice Through a Looking Drinking glass (1928),[17] a silent picture show directed by Walter Lang, would be i of the earliest stand up-alone adaptations of the book.
  • A dramatised audio-recorded version, directed by Douglas Cleverdon, was released in 1959 by Argo Records. The book is narrated by Margaretta Scott, starring Jane Asher as Alice, along with actors Frank Duncan (Humpty Dumpty, Red King, Frog), Tony Church, Norman Shelley, and Carleton Hobbs.[18]
  • Alice Through a Looking Drinking glass (1966) was a NBC TV musical special, first airing on 6 Nov. The special includes music by Moose Charlap, and stars Ricardo Montalban, Agnes Moorehead, Jack Palance, Jimmy Durante, and the Smothers Brothers, along with Judi Rolin in the office of Alice.[19] [xx]
  • Alice Through the Looking Glass (1973) is a BBC TV moving picture, directed by James MacTaggart and starring Sarah Sutton as Alice.[21]
  • Alice in the Country in the Other Side of the Mirror (1982) is a 38-minute Soviet cutout-animated Goggle box picture show produced by Kievnauchfilm studio and directed by Yefrem Pruzhanskiy. Despite its translated proper noun, the film'south original, Russian title is Алиса В Зазеркалье , 'Alice in Wonderland'.[22]
  • Alice Through the Looking Glass (1987) is an blithe Boob tube movie starring Janet Waldo as the vocalization of Alice, as well equally the voices of Mr. T equally the Jabberwock, Jonathan Winters, and Phyllis Diller.[23]
  • Alice through the Looking Glass (1998) is a Channel iv TV movie, starring Kate Beckinsale every bit the role of Alice, which restored the lost "Wasp in a Wig" episode.[24]
  • A ii-hour multimedia stage production (2007), conceived by Andy Burden, was produced by the Tobacco Mill. The testify would exist directed by Burden and written by Hattie Naylor, with music and lyrics by Paul Dodgson.[25]
  • Through the Looking Glass (2008) was a chamber opera composed by Alan John to a libretto by Andrew Upton.[26]
  • Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), directed by James Bobin, is a sequel to the Tim-Burton-directed Disney reboot Alice in Wonderland (2010). It does not follow the plot of the book.
  • The BBC Radio 4 testify Saturday Drama broadcast an accommodation past Stephen Wyatt on 22 December 2011. The broadcast featured Lewis Carroll, voiced past Julian Rhind-Tutt, as both the narrator and an active character in the story. Other actors include Lauren Mote (Alice), Carole Boyd (Crimson Queen), Sally Phillips (White Queen), Nicholas Parsons (Humpty-Dumpty), Alistair McGowan (Tweedledum & Tweedledee), and John Rowe (White Knight).[27]

Adaptations with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland [edit]

Moving picture and TV [edit]

  • Alice in Wonderland (1933) is a pre-code live-activeness film directed by Norman Z. McLeod, with Charlotte Henry in the role of Alice, along with Cary Grant, Gary Cooper, and others. Despite the title, the pic features well-nigh elements from Through the Looking Glass as well, including Humpty Dumpty (played by W. C. Fields) and a Harman-Ising animated version of "The Walrus and the Carpenter".[28]
  • The animated Alice in Wonderland (1951) is the 13th animated feature pic of Walt Disney and the most famous amidst all direct adaptions of Carroll's work. The film features several elements from Through the Looking-Glass, including the talking flowers, Tweedledee & Tweedledum, and "The Walrus and the Carpenter".[29]
  • Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972), a musical film starring Fiona Fullerton every bit Alice, includes the twins Fred and Frank Cox as Tweedledum & Tweedledee.[thirty]
  • Nel Mondo Di Alice ("In the Globe of Alice") is a 1974 Italian Boob tube serial that covers both novels, particularly Through the Looking-Glass in episodes iii and 4.[31]
  • Alice in Wonderland (1985) is a ii-part TV musical produced by Irwin Allen that covers both books, and stars Natalie Gregory as Alice. In this adaptation, the Jabberwock materialises into reality afterwards Alice reads "Jabberwocky", pursuing her throughout the second half of the musical.[32]
  • Fushigi no Kuni no Arisu (1985; Japanese: ふしぎの国のアリス ) is an anime accommodation of the two novels in which later episodes adhere more closely with Through the Looking Glass.
  • Alice in Wonderland (1999), a made-for-Idiot box Hallmark/NBC film with Tina Majorino as Alice, uses elements from Through the Looking Glass, such as the talking flowers, Tweedledee & Tweedledum, and "The Walrus and the Carpenter", as well as the chess theme, including the snoring Cerise King and White Knight.[33]
  • Alice (2009) is a Syfy TV miniseries that contains elements from both novels.[34]
  • Alice in Wonderland (2010), directed past Tim Burton, is a live-action Disney reboot that follows Alice at an developed age, containing elements from both books.[35]

Stage productions [edit]

  • Alice in Concert (1980), also known every bit Alice at the Palace, was a product written and produced past Elizabeth Swados. Performed on a bare phase, the product starred Meryl Streep in the part of Alice, with additional supporting cast by Mark Linn-Baker and Betty Aberlin.
  • Lookingglass Alice (2007) was an acrobatic interpretation of both novels, produced past the Lookingglass Theater Company, that performed in New York Urban center, Philadelphia, and Chicago,[36] with a version of the show touring the rest of the United states.[37]
  • A 2-part production by Iris Theatre in London was staged in the summer of 2013, in which the 2d part consisted of Through the Looking-Glass. Both parts included Laura Wickham in the role of Alice.[38]
  • Alice (2010), written by Laura Wade, was a modern accommodation of both books that premiered at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield in 2010.[39]
  • Wonder.land (2015), a alive musical by Moira Buffini and Damon Albarn, takes some characters from the second novel, notably Dum and Dee and Humpty Dumpty, while the Queen of Hearts and the Cherry Queen are merged into one character.
  • Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2001) was a stage adaption by Adrian Mitchell for the Royal Shakespeare Company, in which the second deed consists of Through the Looking-Glass. [38]
  • Alice's Adventures Under Ground (2020), a one-act opera written in 2022 by Gerald Barry and first staged at the Royal Opera House, is a conflation of the two novels.[40]
  • Looking-Glass, a 1982 Off-Broadway play based on Charles Dodgson, the real-life name of author Lewis Carroll [41]

Other [edit]

  • Jabberwocky (1977) is a picture that expands the story of the verse form "Jabberwocky".[42]
  • Thru the Mirror (1936) is a Mickey Mouse brusque film in which Mickey travels through his mirror and into a bizarre earth.
  • Donald in Mathmagic Land (1959) is a motion picture that includes a segment with Donald Duck dressed as Alice meeting the Red Queen on a chessboard.
  • American McGee'due south Alice (2000) is a computer game in which the player takes the part of a teenage Alice fighting to reclaim her sanity. It was followed by a sequel, Alice: Madness Returns, in 2011.
  • Through the Looking-Glass (2011) was a ballet by American composer John Craton.
  • Through the Zombie Glass (2013) is a book past Gena Showalter.

See besides [edit]

  • Alice Chess
  • "I Am the Walrus"
  • Translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
  • Translations of Through the Looking-Glass
  • Vorpal sword
  • Works based on Alice in Wonderland

References [edit]

Footnotes [edit]

  1. ^ During the "Mad Tea-Party", Alice reveals that the date is "the 4th" and that the month is "May" (chap.vii).
  2. ^ In the start chapter, Alice speaks of the snowfall outside and the "blaze" that "the boys" are building for a celebration "to-morrow," a clear reference to the traditional bonfires of Guy Fawkes Dark that accept place on v Nov. In Chapter 5, she affirms that her age is "seven and a half exactly."
  3. ^ Come across "Jabberwocky" total verse form including readings, via Wikisource.
  4. ^ See "Walrus and the Carpenter" total poem, via Wikisource.

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ Oxford Companions. 1986. Oxford Companion to English language Literature (5th Ed.).
  2. ^ Carroll, Lewis (1997). Lewis Carroll's Diaries: Containing Journal 8, May 1862 to September 1864. Lewis Carroll Society. p. 186.
  3. ^ Carpenter, Humphrey (1985). Secret Gardens: The Golden Historic period of Children'south Literature. Houghton Mifflin. p. 68. ISBN978-0-395-35293-9.
  4. ^ Downey, Glen (1992). Theoretical Checkmating: an Analysis of the Way in which the "Chess Problem" in Through the Looking-Glass Resists and Subverts Disquisitional Interpretations of the Novel'southward Chess Motif (PDF) (MA). McMaster Academy. p. 66 (.pdf p. 73).
  5. ^ Downey, Glen (1998). "3" (PDF). The Truth about Pawn Promotion: The Evolution of the Chess Motif in Victorian Fiction (PhD). Academy of Victoria.
  6. ^ Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1996) [showtime pub. 1992]. The Oxford Companion to Chess (2d ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-xix-280049-3.
  7. ^ Cook, Eleanor (2006). Enigmas and Riddles in Literature. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521855101. p. 163.
  8. ^ Almossawi, Ali. "An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments". pp. 16–7. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Carroll, Lewis. 1897 [1872]. Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There. Philadelphia: Henry Altemus Visitor.
  10. ^ Bedtime-Story. 1999. "The Background & History of 'Alice in Wonderland'" Bedtime-Story Classics. Retrieved 29 January 2007.
  11. ^ Symon, Evan 5. (xviii June 2014) [2013]. "x Deleted Chapters that Transformed Famous Books". Listverse.
  12. ^ Gardner, Martin (2000). The Annotated Alice. Due west. W. Norton & Visitor. p. 283. ISBN978-0-393-04847-6.
  13. ^ Academy Libraries. "The Wasp in a Wig: A 'Suppressed' Episode of Through The Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There" [exhibit particular]. Alice 150 Years and Counting…The Legacy of Lewis Carroll. University of Maryland Libraries.
  14. ^ Gardner, Martin. (1990) More Annotated Alice. New York: Clarkson North. Potter. ISBN 0-394-58571-2.
  15. ^ Carroll, Lewis (1977). The Wasp in a Wig: A Suppressed Episode of 'Through The Looking-Drinking glass and What Alice Found In that location. New York: Lewis Carroll Society of North America.
  16. ^ Leach, Karoline (2015). "The Curious Instance of the Wasp in the Wig" (PDF). Contrariwise . Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  17. ^ Alice Through a Looking Glass (1928) at IMDb
  18. ^ Cleverdon, Douglas (1959). Alice Through the Looking Glass [sound recording]. Written by Lewis Carroll (1872). London: Argo. Retrieved via National Library of Australia and Archived on 10 Apr 2020.
  19. ^ Handley, Alan. 1966. Alice Through the Looking Glass, with music by 1000. Charlap, lyrics by Due east. Simmons. USA: NBC. Goggle box special. See Alice Through the Looking Glass (1966) at IMDb.
  20. ^ "Alice Through the Looking Drinking glass – 1966 Television Soundtrack." Masterworks Broadway. Rail listing.
  21. ^ MacTaggart, James. 1973. Alice Through the Looking Glass. UK: BBC. Television special. See Alice Through the Looking Glass (1973) at IMDb.
  22. ^ Pruzhanskiy, Yefrem. 1982. Alice in the Country in the Other Side of the Mirror. RU: Kievnauchfilm. Retrieved from Animator.ru.
  23. ^ Bresciani, Andrea, and Richard Slapczynski. 1987. Alice Through the Looking Drinking glass. AU: Burbank Films Australia. Meet Alice Through the Looking Glass (1987) at IMDb.
  24. ^ Henderson, John. 1998. Alice Through the Looking Glass. Great britain: Projector Productions and Aqueduct 4. See Alice Through the Looking Drinking glass (1998) at IMDb.
  25. ^ Brunt, Andy (dir.). Alice Through a Looking Glass [live production], written by H. Naylor, music by P. Dodgson. Manufactory Theatre: Tobacco Factory Theatres.
  26. ^ Upton, Andrew. 2008. Through the Looking Glass [opera], composed by A. John. Malthouse Theatre: Victorian Opera.
  27. ^ Wyatt, Stephen. 2011. "Lewis Carroll - Alice Through the Looking Glass" [radio broadcast], Sat Drama. UK: BBC Radio 4. Retrieved via BBC Radio on 10 April 2020.
  28. ^ McLeod, Norman Z. 1933. Alice in Wonderland. US: Paramount Pictures. [Motility picture]. Run into Alice in Wonderland (1933) at IMDb.
  29. ^ Geronimi, Clyde, Wilfred Jackson and Hamilton Luske. 1951. Alice in Wonderland. U.s.a.: Walt Disney Studios. Run into Alice in Wonderland (1951) at IMDb.
  30. ^ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972) at IMDb
  31. ^ fictionrare2 (29 September 2014), Nel mondo di Alice iii^p, archived from the original on 11 December 2021, retrieved 23 April 2016
  32. ^ Alice in Wonderland (1985) at IMDb
  33. ^ Alice in Wonderland (1999) at IMDb
  34. ^ Alice (2009) at IMDb
  35. ^ Alice in Wonderland (2010) at IMDb
  36. ^ "Lookingglass Alice Video Preview". Lookingglasstheatre.org. Archived from the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  37. ^ "Lookingglass Alice | Lookingglass Theatre Company". Lookingglasstheatre.org. 13 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  38. ^ a b "Theatre adaptations (excluding reimaginings)". all-in-the-golden-afternoon96.tumblr.com . Retrieved 23 Apr 2016.
  39. ^ Wade, Laura. 2012. Alice. Oberon Modern Plays. Oberon Books. ISBN 9781849433570. [Theatre script]. Retrieved via Google Books.
  40. ^ "Alice'due south Adventures Under Ground". Royal Opera Firm . Retrieved half dozen February 2020.
  41. ^ Corry, John (fifteen June 1982). "Theater: Wonderland Characters in 'Looking-Glass'". The New York Times.
  42. ^ Jabberwocky (1977) at IMDb

Other sources [edit]

  • Tymn, Marshall B.; Kenneth J. Zahorski and Robert H. Boyer (1979). Fantasy Literature: A Cadre Drove and Reference Guide . New York: R.R. Bowker Co. p. 61. ISBN978-0-8352-1431-5.
  • Gardner, Martin (1990). More Annotated Alice . New York: Random House. p. 363. ISBN978-0-394-58571-0.
  • Gardner, Martin (1960). The Annotated Alice. New York: Clarkson Northward. Potter. pp. 180–181.

External links [edit]

Online texts

ayottestoluch77.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Looking-Glass

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